July 11, 2026

We rely on models — deliberate simplifications — to navigate, make sense of, and engage productively with an ever-more complicated world. Patients understand their illnesses through what Dr. Arthur Kleinman called “explanatory models.” Physicians use models such as the pathophysiologic model or the biopsychosocial model to integrate their patients’ symptoms and fashion treatments. Biopharma R&D would be impossible without models... Read More